Mental health is a vital part of overall well-being, and understanding common conditions can be the first step toward finding support and improving quality of life. This resource offers information on a range of mental health issues that people frequently seek help for, including anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and more. Whether you're looking to better understand your own experiences or support someone you care about, this guide provides a starting point for learning about symptoms, potential treatments, and available resources.
Information on common conditions is provided by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the lead federal agency for research on mental disorders, providing basic information on mental disorders, a range of related topics, and the latest mental health research.
It is not the intention of NIMH to provide specific medical advice, but rather to provide users with information to better understand their health and their diagnosed disorders. Consult with a qualified health care provider for diagnosis, treatment, and answers to your personal questions.
Please Note: Links to other websites are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement.
What is anxiety?
Feeling anxious is a normal part of life. Many people worry about things such as health, money, school, work, or family. But anxiety disorders involve more than occasional worry or fear. For people with these disorders, anxiety does not go away, is felt in many situations, and can get worse over time.
There are several types of anxiety disorders, including:
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder
- Social Anxiety
- Various phobia-related disorders
Where can I learn more about anxiety disorders?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about anxiety disorders, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about anxiety disorders, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-anxiety-disorders
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of anxiety disorders in the United States. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/any-anxiety-disorder
Why is NIMH studying anxiety disorders?
About a third of U.S. adolescents and adults experience an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives. Anxiety disorder symptoms can interfere with daily life and routine activities, such as job performance, schoolwork, and relationships. In severe cases, a person might feel intense fear in common situations, avoid social encounters, or refuse to leave their home.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH conducts and funds research to examine environmental and genetic factors that contribute to anxiety disorders. These include studies comparing brain development and biology among people with and without anxiety disorders. Our supported research also focuses on family and other environmental factors that may influence the risk for anxiety disorders in infants, children, adolescents, and adults.
NIMH-supported research is examining rates and symptoms of anxiety disorders after major life events like pregnancy or after trauma or illness. Of particular interest are predictors and symptoms of anxiety disorders among youth, including during the college transition and in relation to social media use.
Additionally, NIMH supports research on interventions and treatments for different types of anxiety disorders. We’re supporting studies that explore the overlap of anxiety with other disorders, such as depression and eating disorders, as well as how anxiety symptoms, severity, and treatment needs change with age.
Explore clinical trials about anxiety disorders
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Anxiety Disorders : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
- NIMH Anxiety Disorders Studies for Adults: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
- NIMH Anxiety Disorders Studies for Children: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
Share outreach materials about anxiety disorders
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about anxiety disorders. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-anxiety-disorders
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Anxiety (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about anxiety disorders collected by the National Library of Medicine
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders
What is ADHD?
ADHD is a developmental disorder characterized by an ongoing pattern of one or more of the following types of symptoms:
- Inattention, such as having difficulty paying attention, keeping on task, or staying organized
- Hyperactivity, such as often moving around (including during inappropriate times), feeling restless, or talking excessively
- Impulsivity, such as interrupting, intruding on others, or having trouble waiting one’s turn
It is common for people to show these behaviors some of the time. However, for people with ADHD, the behaviors are frequent and occur across multiple situations, such as at school, at home, at work, or with family and friends.
Where can I learn more about ADHD?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about ADHD, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/adhd-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about ADHD, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of ADHD in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
Why is NIMH studying ADHD?
ADHD is one of the most common disorders diagnosed in children. Symptoms begin in childhood and usually continue into the teen years and adulthood. ADHD often co-occurs with other disorders and conditions, such as conduct problems, learning disorders, sleep problems, anxiety, or depression, which can make the conditions harder to diagnose and treat.
For many people with ADHD, symptoms cause problems in daily life. Symptoms can make it hard to get things done; interfere with school, work, or other activities; and strain social relationships. Children with ADHD are at increased risk for injuries, social problems, family stress, and poor grades. Teens and adults with ADHD are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as substance use and unsafe sexual activity.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH supports research into the possible causes of ADHD. Researchers are investigating factors such as genes, hormones and other molecules, brain structure and activity, and prenatal and early life exposures. NIMH-supported research is also exploring the behavioral profiles of children and adults with ADHD to better diagnose and treat the disorder. This includes identifying symptoms associated with particular types of ADHD and their presentation at different ages.
We’re also supporting research on treatments, services, and interventions for people with ADHD and their families. Standard ADHD treatments include medication and psychosocial interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, parent training, and school interventions. Newer treatments include neurofeedback, cognitive training, mindfulness, and neuromodulation. Researchers are looking at these treatment approaches separately and together and comparing their effectiveness for different ADHD symptoms. Additionally, researchers are exploring new technologies, like mobile apps and virtual reality, that can deliver information to people in real time to help them change their behavior.
Explore clinical trials about ADHD
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on ADHD : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
- NIMH ADHD Studies for Children: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
Share outreach materials about ADHD
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about ADHD. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-adhd
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- ADHD (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): Fact sheets, infographics, and other resources about ADHD signs, symptoms, and treatment options
- ADHD (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about ADHD collected by the National Library of Medicine
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd
What is autism spectrum disorder?
Autism spectrum disorder is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. Although autism can be diagnosed at any age, it is described as a “developmental disorder” because symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life.
Where can I learn more about autism?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about autism, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/autism-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about autism, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-autism-spectrum-disorder-asd
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of autism in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/autism-spectrum-disorder-asd
Why is NIMH studying autism?
People with autism have a wide range of symptoms, which can include differences in social and communication behaviors, intellectual disabilities, and other physical and mental health conditions. People with autism also have a wide range of health care and service needs. Research shows that access to needed services and supports early in life can promote people’s health and well-being over the long term.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
We’re supporting research to better understand the full range of symptoms that people with autism may experience. This includes research to identify biological and behavioral characteristics that can help us understand a person’s symptoms, how their symptoms and needs may change over time, and which treatments, services, and supports they may benefit from.
We’re also supporting research to find better ways to meet the individual needs of people with autism. This includes research to improve early autism screening so that children with autism can be connected with appropriate services and supports as early as possible. This also includes research on supporting people with autism as they age, from childhood to adolescence and throughout adulthood. NIMH is also investing in research to better meet the needs of autistic people who have co-occurring mental health conditions.
NIMH supports the Autism Centers of Excellence Program , an NIH-wide initiative funding large-scale, multidisciplinary studies on autism spectrum disorder.
Explore clinical trials about autism
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Autism : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
- NIMH Autism Studies for Children: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
Share outreach materials about autism
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about autism. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-autism-spectrum-disorder
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): Information about signs and symptoms, screening, and treatment and additional resources for professionals and for the public
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development): General information about symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about autism collected by the National Library of Medicine
- Autism Spectrum Disorder: Communication Problems in Children (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders): Information about how autism may affect communication and interventions that can support communication skills
- Interagency Autism Coordinating Committee (IACC) : Website for the IACC, a federal advisory committee that coordinates federal efforts and provides advice to the Secretary of Health and Human Services on issues related to autism
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd
What is bipolar disorder?
Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive illness or manic depression) is a mental illness that causes clear shifts in a person’s mood, energy, activity levels, and concentration. People with bipolar disorder often experience periods of extremely “up,” elated, irritable, or energized behavior (known as manic episodes) and very “down,” sad, indifferent, or hopeless periods (known as depressive episodes).
Where can I learn more about bipolar disorder?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about bipolar disorder, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/bipolar-disorder-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about bipolar disorder, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-bipolar-disorder
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of bipolar disorder in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/bipolar-disorder
Why is NIMH studying bipolar disorder?
The symptoms of bipolar disorder can impose serious challenges to a person’s mental and physical health. People with bipolar disorder often have other mental disorders, and some people may experience symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions. The symptoms can interfere with everyday activities, relationships, and work or school responsibilities. Some people may also experience stigma related to their symptoms, which can keep them from seeking the help they need.
Bipolar disorder usually requires lifelong treatment, but an effective treatment plan can help people manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH supports research to understand the biological, genetic, and environmental factors that contribute to bipolar disorder. This research includes studies examining how different factors influence when bipolar disorder symptoms appear and how they change over time. Other research focuses on identifying patterns in brain activity that could help predict and track symptom progression.
NIMH also supports research to improve treatments for people with bipolar disorder. This includes research to better understand the relationship between bipolar disorder and co-occurring conditions, like anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. Understanding the relationship between these conditions could lead to more effective treatment approaches.
Explore clinical trials about bipolar disorder
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Bipolar Disorder : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
- NIMH Bipolar Disorder Studies for Adults: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
- NIMH Bipolar Disorder Studies for Children: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
Share outreach materials about bipolar disorder
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about bipolar disorder. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-bipolar-disorder
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Bipolar Disorder (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about bipolar disorder collected by the National Library of Medicine
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/bipolar-disorder
What is borderline personality disorder?
Borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that severely impacts a person’s ability to regulate their emotions. This loss of emotional control can increase impulsivity, affect how a person feels about themselves, and negatively impact their relationships with others.
Where can I learn more about borderline personality disorder?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about borderline personality disorder, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/borderline-personality-disorder-listing
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of borderline personality disorder in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/personality-disorders
Why is NIMH studying borderline personality disorder?
Borderline personality disorder can cause significant challenges to a person’s relationships and emotional well-being. People with borderline personality disorder are more likely to engage in self-harm. They may also experience symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, substance use disorder, or eating disorders.
These challenges can lead to significant distress and a lower quality of life. Effective treatments can help people with borderline personality disorder manage their symptoms, support their well-being, and improve their daily functioning.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH funds research to explore how a person’s biology and environment contribute to borderline personality disorder. One focus includes studying the influence of genetic and brain-based differences and the impact of cultural and social factors.
We’re also supporting research evaluating the effectiveness of established treatments, such as dialectical behavior therapy, and emerging therapies and medications. Additionally, we are committed to identifying promising avenues for improving early intervention and personalized treatment approaches for people living with borderline personality disorder.
Explore clinical trials about borderline personality disorder
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Borderline Personality Disorder : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
Share outreach materials about borderline personality disorder
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about borderline personality disorder. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-borderline-personality-disorder
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Borderline Personality Disorder (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration): Information about causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment options
- Personality Disorders (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about personality disorders collected by the National Library of Medicine
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder
What is depression?
Everyone feels sad or low sometimes, but these feelings usually pass with time. Depression (also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression) is different. It can cause severe symptoms that affect how you feel, think, and handle daily activities, such as sleeping, eating, or working. It is an illness that can affect anyone—regardless of age, race, income, culture, or education. Research suggests that genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors play a role in depression.
Where can I learn more about depression?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about depression, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/depression-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about depression, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-depression
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of depression in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression
Why is NIMH studying depression?
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the United States. The symptoms range from mild to severe and can disrupt a person’s ability to carry out everyday activities. It is linked to increased health care costs and other health conditions like heart disease and diabetes. It is also a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH is funding and conducting research to learn more about what causes depression, how it affects the brain, and how to treat it effectively. We're working to improve existing treatments like medications, talk therapy (including telehealth and online options), and brain stimulation therapy.
We're investigating ways to identify which treatment will work best for a specific person and tailor treatments based on a person's unique characteristics and traits. We’re supporting research to develop and test therapies for people with treatment-resistant depression who don’t improve after trying multiple treatment options. We are also exploring new methods to prevent and treat depression and improve the delivery of care for people living with depression.
Explore clinical trials about depression
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Depression : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
- NIMH Depression Studies for Adults: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
- NIMH Depression Studies for Children: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
Share outreach materials about depression
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about depression. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-depression
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Depression (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about depression collected by the National Library of Medicine
- Get Your Teen Screened for Depression (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion): Information about depression in teens and what to expect from depression screening and treatment
- Moms’ Mental Health Matters: Depression and Anxiety Around Pregnancy (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development): Information about the signs of depression and anxiety during pregnancy or after birth and how to get help
- Talk With Your Doctor About Depression (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion): Information about depression, how to talk to a doctor about mental health concerns, treatment options, and ways to find support
- Talking Postpartum Depression (Office on Women’s Health): Stories from women who experienced postpartum depression and resources to help find support
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/depression
What are eating disorders?
Eating disorders are serious illnesses marked by severe disturbances in a person’s eating behaviors. Although many people may be concerned about their health, weight, or appearance on occasion, some become fixated or obsessed with weight loss, body weight or shape, and controlling their food intake. These may be signs of an eating disorder.
Where can I learn more about eating disorders?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about eating disorders, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/eating-disorders-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about eating disorders, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-eating-disorders
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of eating disorders in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/eating-disorders
Why is NIMH studying eating disorders?
Eating disorders are serious and can be life-threatening. In addition, people with eating disorders are at higher risk for medical complications and co-occurring mental illnesses, including depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. These co-occurring conditions can make eating disorders worse. Eating disorders can be treated successfully. Early detection and treatment are important for a full recovery.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH is funding and conducting research to understand why certain people are more likely to develop eating disorders than others. This includes research that examines genetic, biological, behavioral, psychological, and social factors. We’re also supporting research to better understand how an eating disorder behavior, such as restrictive eating, may impact a person’s brain and gut.
We’re supporting research to expand the reach and effectiveness of current therapies. This includes research that leverages technology to engage people in treatment and personalizes interventions to improve treatment response. We’re also funding research into novel treatment options, including medications and behavioral therapies that can prevent or reverse unhealthy food-related behaviors.
Explore clinical trials about eating disorders
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Eating Disorders : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
Share outreach materials about eating disorders
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about eating disorders. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-eating-disorders
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Eating Disorders (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about eating disorders collected by the National Library of Medicine
Last Reviewed: December 2024
What is OCD?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder marked by uncontrollable and recurring thoughts (obsessions), repetitive and excessive behaviors (compulsions), or both. OCD symptoms can begin any time but usually start between late childhood and young adulthood.
Where can I learn more about OCD?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about OCD, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/ocd-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about OCD, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of OCD in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd
Why is NIMH studying OCD?
OCD symptoms are often time-consuming and can cause significant distress or interfere with daily life. It is common for people with OCD also to have a diagnosed mood or anxiety disorder. Although there is no cure for OCD, available treatments can help people manage their symptoms, participate in day-to-day activities, and improve their quality of life.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH funds and conducts research to better understand who is at risk for developing OCD. This includes research into genetics, biology, temperament, and childhood trauma, as well as studies of OCD in children and adults. We’re supporting research to improve existing treatments for OCD, including psychotherapy, medication, and brain stimulation therapy. We’re also funding research investigating new treatments, particularly for people with treatment-resistant OCD whose symptoms haven’t improved after trying multiple treatment options.
Explore clinical trials about OCD
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on OCD : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about OCD collected by the National Library of Medicine
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd
What is schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia is a serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. People with schizophrenia may seem as though they have lost touch with reality, which can be distressing for them and for their family and friends. People are usually first diagnosed with schizophrenia between the ages of 16 and 30, after the first episode of psychosis.
Where can I learn more about schizophrenia?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about schizophrenia, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/schizophrenia-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about schizophrenia, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-schizophrenia
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of schizophrenia in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/schizophrenia
Why is NIMH studying schizophrenia?
Schizophrenia symptoms can make it difficult to participate in everyday activities and many people with schizophrenia face significant health, social, and economic challenges. People with schizophrenia often experience a delay between the onset of symptoms and the start of treatment, which can impact their response to treatment and lead to worse health and well-being over the long term.
Research shows that gradual changes in thinking, mood, and social functioning often appear before the first episode of psychosis. Identifying these subtle changes and connecting people with treatment before their first episode could have long-term benefits for their health, well-being, and daily functioning. Treatment can help people with schizophrenia engage in school or work, achieve independence, and enjoy personal relationships.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH supports research to understand the origins of schizophrenia and clarify how symptoms develop over time. Researchers are studying ways to identify people who are likely to develop schizophrenia before psychosis and other symptoms emerge. They’re also trying to find better ways to evaluate a person’s symptoms and functioning and predict how they will change over time.
We’re funding research that builds on these findings to develop more effective approaches to prevention and treatment. NIMH-supported research explores new treatment approaches that target the disorder's specific cognitive, emotional, or interpersonal aspects. Researchers are working to improve and expand coordinated specialty care, a recovery-oriented approach to treating early psychosis that emphasizes shared decision-making among specialists, the person experiencing psychosis, and family members. They’re also looking at ways to implement evidence-based treatment and services in community settings.
NIMH supports the Accelerating Medicines Partnership® Program for Schizophrenia, a public-private partnership that aims to identify new and better treatment targets for schizophrenia and related mental health conditions. We also support the Early Psychosis Intervention Network, a research initiative focused on using data to continuously improve early psychosis treatment.
Explore clinical trials about schizophrenia
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Schizophrenia : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
- NIMH Schizophrenia Studies for Adults: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
Share outreach materials about schizophrenia
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about schizophrenia. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-schizophrenia
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Schizophrenia (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about schizophrenia collected by the National Library of Medicine
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/schizophrenia
Adult with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI).
"Adult with serious and persistent mental illness" means a person 18 years of age or older who has serious and persistent mental illness as defined in Minnesota Statutes, section 245.462, subdivision 20, paragraph (c).
Minnesota Statues, section 245.462
Subdivision 20, paragraph (c)
(c) For purposes of case management and community support services, a "person with serious and persistent mental illness" means an adult who has a mental illness and meets at least one of the following criteria:
(1) the adult has undergone two or more episodes of inpatient care for a mental illness within the preceding 24 months;
(2) the adult has experienced a continuous psychiatric hospitalization or residential treatment exceeding six months' duration within the preceding 12 months;
(3) the adult has been treated by a crisis team two or more times within the preceding 24 months;
(4) the adult:
(i) has a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, schizoaffective disorder, or borderline personality disorder;
(ii) indicates a significant impairment in functioning; and
(iii) has a written opinion from a mental health professional, in the last three years, stating that the adult is reasonably likely to have future episodes requiring inpatient or residential treatment, of a frequency described in clause (1) or (2), unless ongoing case management or community support services are provided;
(5) the adult has, in the last three years, been committed by a court as a person who is mentally ill under chapter 253B, or the adult's commitment has been stayed or continued;
(6) the adult (i) was eligible under clauses (1) to (5), but the specified time period has expired or the adult was eligible as a child under section 245.4871, subdivision 6; and (ii) has a written opinion from a mental health professional, in the last three years, stating that the adult is reasonably likely to have future episodes requiring inpatient or residential treatment, of a frequency described in clause (1) or (2), unless ongoing case management or community support services are provided; or
(7) the adult was eligible as a child under section 245.4871, subdivision 6, and is age 21 or younger.
For local resources visit our Resource page, click here.
What is suicide?
Suicide is when people harm themselves with the intent of ending their life, and they die as a result. A suicide attempt is when people harm themselves with the intent of ending their life, but they do not die.
People of all backgrounds can be at risk of suicide. Suicidal behavior is complex, and there is no single cause.
Where can I learn more about suicide prevention?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about suicide prevention, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/suicide-prevention-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about suicide prevention, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-suicide
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of suicide prevention in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/suicide
Why is NIMH studying suicide prevention?
Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States and a major public health concern. When a person dies by suicide, the effects are felt by family, friends, and communities.
Data show that some communities experience higher rates of suicide than others. American Indian/Alaska Native youth and White male adults have experienced high rates for decades. More recently, racial and ethnic minority groups, the LGBTQIA+ community, pre-teens, and young adults have experienced rapidly increasing rates. Effective, evidence-based programs and treatment options can help prevent suicide.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH is supporting and conducting research to understand who is at risk of suicide and why. This includes research that examines ways to identify individuals at increased risk and identifies groups and communities that are disproportionately affected by suicide.
We’re also supporting research that evaluates the effectiveness of different suicide prevention programs. This includes programs in health care, community, school, and justice system settings. It also includes efforts to provide effective, culturally relevant programs and practices focused on suicide prevention among minority groups.
Additionally, we’re funding practice-based suicide prevention research centers that aim to speed the translation of effective interventions and services into practice. And we’re supporting research to develop and test fast-acting treatments that can reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors.
Explore clinical trials about suicide prevention
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on Suicide Prevention : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
- NIMH Suicide Prevention Studies for Adults: List of studies being conducted on the NIH campus in Bethesda, MD
Share outreach materials about suicide prevention
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about suicide prevention. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-suicide-prevention
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- 2024 National Strategy for Suicide Prevention (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services): A comprehensive whole-of-society approach to suicide prevention accompanied by a Federal Action Plan
- Ask Suicide-Screening Questions Toolkit (NIMH): A free screening resource for medical settings that can help health care providers identify youth at risk for suicide
- National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention : A public-private partnership working to advance the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention
- Suicide (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about suicide and suicide prevention collected by the National Library of Medicine
- Suicide Prevention (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention): Resources for communities and states to support suicide prevention efforts
- Suicide Prevention and Care Program (Indian Health Service): A national program addressing suicide prevention, based on fostering collaborations across Tribes, Tribal organizations, Urban Indian organizations, and the Indian Health Service
- Suicide Prevention Resource Center : A federally supported resource center devoted to advancing the implementation of the National Strategy for Suicide Prevention
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/suicide-prevention
What is PTSD?
People may have a range of reactions after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event, such as a natural disaster, act of violence, or serious accident. Common reactions include feeling anxious, sad, or angry; having trouble concentrating and sleeping; and thinking about what happened. Most people will recover from these symptoms, and their reactions will lessen over time.
People may be diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if their symptoms last for an extended period after a traumatic event and begin to interfere with aspects of daily life, such as relationships or work. People who have PTSD may continue to feel stressed or frightened, even though they are not in danger.
Where can I learn more about PTSD?
Free health information
Brochures and fact sheets with more information about PTSD, including signs, symptoms, and treatment options. Available for free in print and online. nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/ptsd-listing
Science updates
NIMH news about PTSD, including press releases and highlights on the latest research findings. nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/science-news-about-post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd
Statistics
Information about the prevalence and treatment of PTSD in the United States. nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd
Why is NIMH studying PTSD?
The symptoms of PTSD can cause significant distress and interfere with a person’s ability to engage in daily activities, including sleeping and eating. People with PTSD often have co-occurring conditions, such as depression, substance use, or anxiety disorders.
Aspects of the traumatic event and certain biological and social factors may make some people more likely to develop PTSD. For instance, previous exposure to adversity and other traumatic experiences, especially in childhood, can increase a person’s chance of developing PTSD later in life. While many people who live through a dangerous event experience some symptoms initially, most do not develop PTSD—multiple factors play a part.
How is NIMH research addressing this critical topic?
NIMH is supporting research to understand the factors that influence a person’s mental health after a potentially traumatic event. Researchers are working to understand what causes specific PTSD symptoms and why symptoms differ in type and severity from person to person. This includes research on biological, cognitive, behavioral, and developmental factors. NIMH-supported research is also studying ways to identify which trauma survivors are likely to recover naturally and which survivors may benefit from treatment.
NIMH-supported research is also focused on developing and improving mental health treatments that can help trauma survivors. This includes research to identify treatment components that can lead to more effective medications, psychotherapies, and device-based treatments. We’re also supporting research on ways to deliver effective treatment across different settings and populations. This includes developing approaches to prevention and intervention that meet the specific needs of children, teens, and young adults.
Explore clinical trials about PTSD
Clinical trials are research studies that look at new ways to prevent, detect, or treat diseases and conditions. To learn more or find a study, visit:
- Clinical Trials – Information for Participants: Answers to common questions about clinical trials, including why people might take part in a clinical trial and what they can expect
- Clinicaltrials.gov: Current Studies on PTSD : List of clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) being conducted across the country
Share outreach materials about PTSD
Digital shareables
Social media graphics, videos, and resources about PTSD. nimh.nih.gov/get-involved/digital-shareables/shareable-resources-on-ptsd
Find help and support
Learn how to find help for yourself or someone else. You can also find support and locate mental health services in your area on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration website.
If you or someone you know is struggling or having thoughts of suicide, call or text the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988 or chat at 988lifeline.org . In life-threatening situations, call 911.
Additional federal resources
- Medications for PTSD (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs): Information about effective medications for treating PTSD and considerations for evaluating treatment options
- National Center for PTSD (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs): Information and resources for anyone interested in PTSD, including veterans and their family and friends, researchers, and health care providers. The site offers videos, apps, online programs, and other tools to help people with PTSD and their loved ones
- PTSD (MedlinePlus): Information, journal articles, and other resources about PTSD collected by the National Library of Medicine
Source: December 2024 nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd